Poor Leg Circulation

Your body needs the right amount of blood flow to keep your heart pumping, your legs moving, and your brain functioning. But when blood circulation is poor, it can cause problems such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or a blood clot. 

Read on to learn about signs of poor circulation and how to prevent blood flow issues. 

Causes: 

A common cause of poor leg circulation – restricted blood flow to your legs – is peripheral vascular disease, or PVD. This term refers to disorders involving blood vessels outside or on the periphery of the heart. PVD can involve peripheral arteries (blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart) or peripheral veins (blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart). 

When PVD involves the arteries, it is known as peripheral artery disease, or PAD. A fatty substance called plaque builds up and hardens on the walls of the peripheral arteries, making it difficult for blood to properly flow through. The plaque takes years to build up, which is why older adults are more at risk. 

In addition, the following behaviors or conditions can also contribute to leg circulation problems: 

• Tobacco smoking 
• Obesity 
• Lack of exercise 
• Improper diet 
• High blood pressure 
• High cholesterol 
• Diabetes 
• Certain nerve and thyroid conditions 
• Pregnancy 
• Long periods of sitting in a cramped and immobile position (Economy Class Syndrome) 

Symptoms: 

If you have poor leg circulation, symptoms usually develop gradually. 

• In the early stages, you may experience cramping or fatigue in the legs, buttocks, or feet during activity. The pain, whether it's leg pain, lower leg pain or foot pain, usually diminishes with rest, but will reoccur. 
• You may complain of a tired, aching feet, or swollen feet/legs. 
• You may also have cramping that occurs in your legs and  
  feet when you are sleeping or immobile for extended periods  
  of time. 
• In addition, you can incur such symptoms as “cold feet,” or feet that “fall asleep.” 

Frequent suffering with cold feet and/or cold hands usually signifies that your circulation, or blood flow from your heart, has slowed. This may especially happen at night when you are trying to sleep, during periods of immobility, or after eating certain foods. 

People who have very poor leg circulation may also develop a blood clot, a sudden blockage in blood that can cause severe leg pain. This blood clot, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), develops in a deep vein and can occur when a vein is damaged or if blood flow slows down or stops completely. If you're obese and/or over age 40, you're at particular risk for DVT. 

Relief and Prevention: 

Good circulation ensures that your body can stay healthy, heal well, and properly function during daily activities. 

The most important treatment for poor leg circulation is to address the risk factors: 

• Avoid cigarette smoking. 
• Keep your blood pressure under control. 
• Keep your cholesterol levels in the healthy range. 
• Exercise on a regular and frequent basis. 
• Consider special exercise equipment and products that promote circulation, such as a bed wedge or leg wedge. 
• Keep your body moving! Avoid staying immobile for long periods of time. 
• Keep your feet and extremities warm. 
• Wear graduated compression hosiery and socks that help stimulate circulation.  

This information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult your health care provider on all matters relating to this or any other condition that may affect your health.